How it works: Retinol is part of a family of compounds known as the topical retinoids. This a group of products that are forms of vitamin A. When applied to the skin, the retinoids penetrate the skin and after several chemical reactions

find their way into the cell nucleus where they help to increase collagen production, thicken skin that has become atrophic (thin), increase blood flow to the skin, eliminate abnormal cells (pre-cancers), even skin coloring, and help to get rid of blackheads and whiteheads.

Effectiveness: There is a large body of evidence showing the effectiveness of the topical retinoids. These include success in the signs of photoaging and the treatment and maintenance of acne. While the prescription strength retinoids (Retin-a, Renova, Avagae, Tazorac, Differin, Avita) are stronger, they may cause mild irritation. Retinol on the other hand is over the counter, and is converted to the same active ingredient as is seen in the prescription retinoiods. The dose with retinol products however is less, and this may decrease irritation. Retinol is often combined with other ingredients such as hydroquinone, kojic acid, vitamin K and/or antioxidants.

Where to find it: Retinol can be found in many products including those from Afirm, MD Forte, Skin Medica, and others

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